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El carcinoma papilar tiroideo es el tipo de cáncer más común de esta glándula, y su tratamiento de elección es la tiroidectomía. Entre las complicaciones asociadas resalta la parálisis de las cuerdas vocales, la cual ocurre por una lesión directa del nervio laríngeo recurrente durante la cirugía. Se presenta una paciente de 22 años de edad con este diagnóstico, a la cual se le realizó una tiroidectomía total; en el postoperatorio inmediato la paciente comenzó con estridor laríngeo intenso que requirió una traqueotomía de urgencia. En el examen físico se constató una parálisis bilateral de las cuerdas vocales y se decidió comenzar un tratamiento de rehabilitación del nervio recurrente laríngeo con laserterapia y HIVAMAT-200 como modalidades combinadas. Los resultados alcanzados con la fisioterapia fueron satisfactorios y la paciente se reintegró rápidamente a su ámbito familiar, escolar y social.
Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common type of cancer of this gland, and its treatment of choice is thyroidectomy. Vocal cord paralysis stands out among the associated complications, in which a direct injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve occurs during surgery. We present a 22-year-old female patient with this diagnosis, who underwent a total thyroidectomy; in the immediate postoperative period the patient began with intense laryngeal stridor requiring an emergency tracheotomy. Physical examination revealed bilateral vocal cord paralysis and it was decided to begin rehabilitation treatment of the recurrent laryngeal nerve with laser therapy and HIVAMAT-200 as combined modalities. The results achieved with physiotherapy were satisfactory and the patient was quickly reintegrated into her family, school and social environment.
Subject(s)
Thyroidectomy , Tracheotomy , Vocal Cord Paralysis , Thyroid Cancer, PapillaryABSTRACT
Objective:To Constructing a nomogram based on clinical, ultrasound and BRAF V600E gene for predicting cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).Methods:The clinical data of 287 patients with PTC (374 malignant nodules) from December 2019 to December 2021 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University were analyzed retrospectively. Among them, there were 205 nodes with cervical lymph node metastasis and 169 nodes without cervical lymph node metastasis. The echo type, capsule, boundary, shape, number, diameter, location, cystic and solid properties, aspect ratio, blood flow signal, echo distribution, ultrasonic classification, microcalcification and enlarged lymph nodes were observed by ultrasound. The mutation of BRAF V600E gene was detected by fluorescence polymerase chain reaction. The nomograph model for predicting neck lymph node metastasis in patients with PTC was constructed and validated by R3.6.3 software.Results:Univariate analysis result showed that gender, age, microcalcifications, aspect ratio, morphology, blood flow signal, diameter, echo distribution, enlarged lymph nodes, ultrasound classification and BRAF V600E gene were the risk factors for cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with PTC ( P<0.05 or <0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis result showed that age (<40 years old), ultrasonic classification (≥4a) and diameter (>1 cm) were independent risk factors for cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with PTC ( OR = 2.847, 1.436 and 2.475; 95% CI 1.827 to 4.436, 1.075 to 1.918 and 1.505 to 4.069; P<0.01 or <0.05). The age, ultrasonic classification and diameter were included as predictors for constructing the nomogram model. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis result shows that the area under the curve predicted by the nomogram model for neck lymph node metastasis in patients with PTC was 0.692 (95% CI 0.631 to 0.753). Conclusions:Nomogram based on age, ultrasonic classification and diameter is of high value in predicting neck lymph node metastasis in patients with PTC.
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ABSTRACT In this article, we present a case of diffuse follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma with pituitary metastasis, which is a rare cause of pituitary metastasis. The follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma is an uncommon variant of papillary carcinoma. A 74-year-old male was presented with weakness, fatigue, and a decreased appetite. The patient was diagnosed with secondary adrenal and thyroid insufficiencies. Imaging revealed a pituitary mass with suprasellar extension, right cavernous sinus invasion, and optic chiasm compression. Thyroid ultrasonography revealed a nodule with a maximum size of 7.2cm in the right lobe. Cytological examination via fine-needle aspiration suggested papillary thyroid cancer. Total thyroidectomy with central and right lateral neck dissection confirmed the diagnosis of diffuse follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Owing to visual field defects, the patient underwent transsphenoidal surgery. Histological and immunohistochemical evaluations confirmed pituitary metastasis from the papillary thyroid cancer. Radioactive iodine treatment and gamma knife radiotherapy of the pituitary gland were performed. The initiation of sorafenib treatment was deemed appropriate during the follow-up. A significant decrease in the thyroglobulin levels was observed after sorafenib treatment. Pituitary metastasis should be considered in patients diagnosed with hypopituitarism and pituitary lesions at initial evaluation. The presence of visual field defects may be an indication for neurosurgical intervention and guide both diagnosis and treatment. The management of papillary thyroid cancer and the role of treatment modalities in prognosis depend on the biological behavior of the tumor. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management are crucial for the treatment of these patients.
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Objective:To investigate the correlation of central compartment lymph node metastasis(CLNM) in stage T 1a solitary papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with the clinicopathological characteristics, sonographic features and the number of lymph node dissection, and to analyze the risk factors of CLNM. Methods:The data of 218 patients with stage T 1a solitary PTC who underwent thyroid cancer surgery from January 2017 to May 2021 in Tangshan Union Medical College Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into CLNM positive group and CLNM negative group according to CLNM. The age, gender, preoperative sonographic features, pathological type, the number of lymph node dissection and the number of metastasis were recorded. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of CLNM. Results:Among 218 patients, there were 71 cases (32.6%) in CLNM positive group and 147 cases (67.4%) in CLNM negative group. There were statistically significant differences in age, tumor diameter, capsular invasion in thyroid or not, tumor blood supply or not, and the number of lymph node dissection between two groups (all P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in gender, clear tumor boundary or not, tumor shape, tumor aspect ratio, calcification, nodular goiter and Hashimoto's thyroiditis or not (all P > 0.05). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that age < 55 years ( OR = 2.995, 95% CI 1.228-7.307), capsular invasion in thyroid ( OR = 5.297, 95% CI 2.494-11.248) and the number of lymph node dissection ≥6 ( OR = 4.085, 95% CI 2.059-8.104) were independent risk factors of CLNM (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:Patients with stage T 1a solitary PTC, age < 55 years and capsular invasion in thyroid are prone to CLNM; sufficient number of lymph node dissection can get more accurate CLNM rate.
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Objective:To explore the relationship between serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) and thyroglobulin antibody (Tg-Ab) and the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma.Methods:The clinical data of 574 patients with thyroid nodules who received surgical treatment in Tengzhou Central People's Hospital from January to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Using histopathological diagnosis as the gold standard, the patients were divided into papillary thyroid carcinoma group (malignant group, 267 cases) and benign thyroid nodules group (benign group, 307 cases). The clinical data and the preoperative serum TSH, TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab levels were compared between the two groups. The correlation between preoperative serum TSH, TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab levels and papillary thyroid cancer was analyzed by logistic regression.Results:There were no statistical differences in the age and gender of patients between the malignant group and the benign group (all P > 0.05). TSH [2.37 mIU/L (1.43 mIU/L, 5.09 mIU/L)], TPO-Ab [17.84 IU/ml (11.94 IU/ml, 40.68 IU/ml)] and Tg-Ab [15.69 IU/ml (10.57 IU/ml, 132.00 IU/ml)] in the malignant group were higher than those in the benign group [TSH 1.60 mIU/L (0.88 mIU/L, 2.57mIU/L), TPO-Ab 14.29 IU/ml (10.00 IU/ml, 21.17 IU/ml), Tg-Ab 12.23 IU/ml (10.00 IU/ml, 16.51 IU/ml)], and the differences were statistically significant ( Z values were -6.43, -4.60 and -6.15, all P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that positive TPO-Ab ( OR = 0.996, 95% CI 0.993-0.999, P = 0.013) and positive Tg-Ab ( OR = 0.996, 95% CI 0.994-0.998, P < 0.05) were independent risk factors for papillary thyroid cancer. Conclusions:Preoperative serum TSH, TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab levels are closely related to papillary thyroid cancer, among which positive serum TPO-Ab and positive Tg-Ab are independent risk factors for papillary thyroid cancer and have important values in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.
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Objective:To study the value of shear wave elastography (SWE) combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in diagnosing the invasiveness of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), and analyze its risk factors.Methods:This study included 200 patients with pathologically confirmed PTMC who underwent surgery in Fenyang Hospital from January 2019 and June 2021. All were diagnosed with SWE and CEUS before surgery. The value of the two methods in diagnosing the invasiveness of PTMC was explored. The patients′ data were collected to screen the risk factors for the invasiveness of PTMC.Results:It was pathologically confirmed that among the 200 patients with PTMC, there were 112 cases with malignant nodules, 88 cases with benign nodules, 75 cases with cervical lymph node metastasis (including 71 cases with capsular invasion) and 125 cases without lymph node metastasis. CEUS parameters of malignant nodules were significantly higher than those of benign nodules ( P<0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of SWE combined with CEUS to diagnose capsular invasion were 94.66%, 85.60%, 89.00%, 79.77% and 96.39%, with high consistency with the pathological results ( Kappa>0.75). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that multiple foci, irregular shape, breakthrough capsule and small calcification were independent risk factors for the invasiveness of PTMC (VIF<3). The ROC curve results showed that the AUC of SWE combined with CEUS to diagnose capsular invasion was 0.772, and the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 73.91% and 80.56%. Conclusions:SWE combined with CEUS can significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy for the invasiveness of PTMC.
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Papillary thyroid carcinoma with desmoid-type fibromatosis (PTC-DTF) or nodular fasciitis-like stroma (PTC-NFS) is a rare morphological variant of PTC with a favorable prognosis. There is a paucity of molecular data regarding this entity. We present the case of a 20-year-old female who presented with a palpable mass over the anterior aspect of the neck for the past 3-4 months, which was diagnosed as PTC-NFS. Ultrasonogram of the neck revealed a bulky left lobe of thyroid that contained a well-defined heterogenous lesion measuring around 24 × 26 × 36 mm with involvement of the adjacent isthmus. She underwent a total thyroidectomy with central compartment lymph node dissection. Histological examination revealed a biphasic tumor with epithelial and stromal components resembling nodular fasciitis. Two dissected lymph nodes showed metastasis of the epithelial component only. On immunohistochemistry, BRAF mutant protein expression was evident in the epithelial component only, while β-catenin was negative in both the components. The histopathological diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma with nodular fasciitis-like stroma was offered. Sanger sequencing revealed a BRAFV600E (c.1799T>A, Val600Glu) mutation. Post-operatively, no residual tumor was detected on ultrasound and radioiodine scans. The patient was doing well at follow-up of 9 months. PTC-NFS/DTF is a histological variant of PTC with a favorable prognosis. Our index case was associated with the BRAF mutation, which was restricted to the epithelial component. Thorough sampling of the excised specimen is essential in order not to miss the epithelial component, which, in most reported cases (including ours) appears to be small.
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Humans , Female , Adult , Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology , Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/pathology , Thyroidectomy , Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf , beta Catenin , Fasciitis , Myofibroblasts , Lymph Node Excision , MutationABSTRACT
Introduction: Thyroid papillary carcinoma is the second most frequent type of cancer during pregnancy. Its diagnosis is related to patient fear and anxiety. There is little consensus on when to perform surgery in those cases. Objective: To evaluate and discuss timing possibilities for surgical treatment in thyroid cancer in pregnant women. Methods: Systematic literature review based on online search at the Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) databases. Retrospective analysis of thyroidectomies performed in the second trimester of pregnancy by the authors between 1999 and 2019. Results: The systematic review included nine articles. Their conclusions diverge with respect to the optimal timing of thyroid surgery. The medical literature considers thyroidectomy after safe delivery. The most recent studies are more flexible regarding carrying out this surgery during the second trimester of pregnancy. In the authors' experience (n=5), surgical treatment during the second trimester of pregnancy is a good option for more aggressive tumors. Conclusion: More aggressive cases of thyroid papillary carcinoma can be treated with surgery during the second trimester of pregnancy. Performing the surgery after delivery is safer in the case of less aggressive cancer cases. The decision should consider hospital costs, surgery risks, and patient anxiety in relation to cancer.
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ABSTRACT Objective Warthin-like papillary thyroid cancer (WL-PTC) is an uncommon variant of PTC, usually associated with lymphocytic thyroiditis. Scarce evidence suggests that WL-PTC has similar clinical presentation to classic PTC (C-PTC), with no studies comparing risks of recurrence and response to treatment between both variants. Our objective was to describe the clinical presentation and prognosis of WL-PTC and compare it to C-PTC. Subjects and methods Retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort, including 370 (96%) patients with C-PTC and 17 (4%) with WL-PTC, consecutively treated with total thyroidectomy with or without RAI, followed for at least 6 months. We compared clinical presentation, risk of mortality and recurrence, as well as response to treatment between both variants. Results Of the total cohort: 317 (82%) female, 38 ± 13.5 years, median follow-up 4 years (0.5-28.5); most of them stage I and low/intermediate risk of recurrence. We found no differences regarding clinical-pathological data and risk of recurrence. WL-PTC was associated with a higher rate of anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) (65% vs. 36%, p = 0.016) and lymphocytic thyroiditis (59% vs. 34%, p = 0.03). The rates of biochemical and structural incomplete responses were similar in both variants. WL-PTC had a lower rate of excellent response (23% vs. 54%, p = 0.01), which became non-significant when performing analysis by TgAb presence (50% vs. 67%, p = NS). Conclusions WL-CPT and C-CPT have similar clinical presentation and rate of recurrence. The lower rate of excellent response to treatment in WL-PTC is due to a higher frequency of TgAb. WL-PCT should not be considered an aggressive variant of PTC.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery , Carcinoma, Papillary , Prognosis , Thyroglobulin , Thyroidectomy , Prospective Studies , Retrospective Studies , Thyroid Cancer, Papillary , Neoplasm Recurrence, LocalABSTRACT
RESUMEN Los tumores de colisión son neoplasias poco comunes, requieren terapias combinadas tratando independientemente cada tumor. La presentación en la glándula tiroides es rara. Reportamos el caso de un paciente de 55 años con diagnóstico de carcinoma renal a células claras; la tomografía corporal reportó nódulos pulmonares y hepáticos sugestivos de metástasis. Oncología indicó tratamiento con sunitinib. Once meses después, la tomografía de control reportó múltiples nódulos tiroideos. Se realizó tiroidectomía total, con informe anatomopatológico: carcinoma papilar de tiroides y metástasis de carcinoma renal a células claras. Recibió ablación con 80 mCi de iodo 131; luego hormonosupresión con levotiroxina.
ABSTRACT Collision tumors are rare neoplasms, they require combination therapy for the treatment of each tumor independently. We describe the case of a 55 year old patient diagnosed with clear cell renal cell carcinoma; whole body computed tomography reported pulmonary and hepatic nodules suggestive of metastatic disease. Oncology indicated sunitib therapy. Eleven months later, evaluation with computed tomography reported multiple thyroid nodules. Total thyroidectomy was performed, with anatomo-pathological report: papillary thyroid carcinoma and metastases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. He received ablation with 80 mCi of radioactive iodine (I-131); then thyroid hormone suppressive therapy with levothyroxine.
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RESUMEN Fundamento: la tiroides es donde con más frecuencia se originan enfermedades tumorales de naturaleza endocrina maligna. A este antecedente se suman las múltiples variantes histológicas que posee la enfermedad, que en ocasiones son motivo de importantes dudas diagnósticas. Por esta razón, se desarrollan estudios en los que cada vez más se añaden procedimientos morfométricos. Se reconoce que el éxito de un tratamiento individualizado depende de un diagnóstico preciso, donde la morfometría, al descartar la subjetividad en el diagnóstico se convierte en una herramienta de mucho valor. Objetivo: caracterización morfométrica del carcinoma papilar de tiroides diagnosticado por biopsias escisionales. Métodos: se realizó un estudio morfométrico de serie de casos en 12 pacientes con este diagnóstico histopatológico, atendidos en el Hospital Provincial Universitario Vladimir Ilich Lenin. Se seleccionaron 340 campos y se midieron 10 465 núcleos celulares, lo que constituyó la muestra. Se caracterizaron indicadores morfométricos nucleares del carcinoma papilar de tiroides como el área, el volumen y el factor de forma. Resultados: el área y volumen nuclear mostraron valores aumentados comparados con los valores de enfermedades nodulares benignas de otros estudios. El valor del factor de forma nuclear se acercó a uno por lo que los núcleos tienden a ser redondos y se pudo observar que a mayores valores del área nuclear mayores valores del factor de forma nuclear. Conclusiones: se caracterizaron indicadores morfométricos del carcinoma papilar de tiroides en los casos estudiados como el área, el volumen y el factor de forma que contribuyen a su diagnóstico histopatológico.
ABSTRACT Background: thyroid is where malignant endocrine tumor diseases originate more frequently. This entity possesses multiple histological variants added to this antecedent, which are usually the cause of important diagnostic doubts. For this reason, studies in which more and more morphometric procedures are added have been developed. The success of an individualized treatment depends on an accurate diagnosis, in which morphometry is recognized by ruling out subjectivity in diagnosis, becomes a valuable tool. Objective: morphometric characterization of papillary thyroid carcinoma diagnosed by excisional biopsies. Morphometric. Methods: a morphometric study of a series of cases was carried out with 12 patients with this histopathological diagnosis, attended at the Vladimir Ilich Lenin University Provincial Hospital. 340 fields were selected and 10 465 cell nuclei were measured, which was our sample. Nuclear morphometric indicators were characterized, such as area, volume and shape factor. Results: nuclear area and volume showed increased values compared to benign nodular disease values from other studies. The value of the nuclear form factor approached one, so the nuclei tend to be round and it was observed that the higher the values of the nuclear area, the higher the values of the nuclear form factor. Conclusions: morphometric indicators of papillary thyroid carcinoma were characterized in the studied cases that may contribute to histopathological diagnosis.
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Pancreatic metastases of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are exceptional. We report a 80-year-old man consulting for obstructive jaundice and dysphonia. Abdominal ultrasonography showed biliary dilation and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a pancreatic head mass of 36 mm. A left vocal cord paralysis was confirmed and cervical computed tomography (CT) showed multiple thyroid nodules of up to 35 mm associated with bilateral cervical lymph nodes (LN). Positron emission tomography ( 18 F-FDG PET/CT) evidenced hyper-metabolic activity in bilateral cervical LN, lungs, pancreas and left intercostal soft tissue, as well as left gluteus. Thyroid biopsy reported a tall-cell variant of PTC, and endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) of pancreatic mass confirmed PTC metastasis. The molecular study was positive for BRAFV600E. Pancreatic metastasis from PTC can be accurately diagnosed with 18 F-FDG PET/CT and EUS-FNA, which is consistent with a predominant expression of BRAFV600E mutation and, thus, an aggressive presentation with poor short-term survival.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pancreatic Neoplasms/secondary , Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology , Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/pathology , Pancreatectomy , Pancreatic Neoplasms/surgery , Thyroidectomy , Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery , Treatment Outcome , Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/surgery , Lymph Node Excision , Lymphatic MetastasisABSTRACT
Objective: To observe the efficacy of percutaneous microwave ablation on low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) and impact on patient's life quality. Methods: Totally 75 pathologically confirmed patients with single low risk PTMC (T1N0M0) were treated with ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation and followed up at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months respectively after operation. The therapeutic effect and complications were observed, and score the physical component summary (PCS), mental component summary (MCS) and 36-item short form health survey (SF-36) scores were counted. Results: The operation was successfully completed in all 75 patients. Four patients experienced temporary hoarseness during the ablation process and recovered within 2 h, while 15 patients complained of radiation-induced ear root pain, neck pain and other symptoms which immediately relieved after ablation. Twenty-four months after operation, the effective rate of treatment was 100% (75/75), the lesion disappearance rate was 93.33% (70/75), while no local recurrence occurred. The maximum diameter and volume of lesions increased 1 and 3 months after operation but decreased 6, 12 and 24 months after operation (all P0.05). PCS scores at different time points before and after operation showed no statistical significant difference (all P>0.05). MCS scores and SF-36 scores of all time points after operation were higher than those before operation (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Percutaneous ablation is safe and effective for treating low risk PTMC, which can improve the patient's life quality.
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Objective: To investigate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and BRAF mutation in pre-operative diagnosis of extracapsular extension in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods: A total of 129 PTC in 119 patients were enrolled, including 25 PTC with extracapsular extension (A group) and 104 PTC without extracapsular extension (B group). Both the range of contact between PTC and thyroid capsule and the presence of discontinued capsule in ultrasound (US) and CEUS, as well as BRAF mutation examination result were recorded. The diagnostic performance of the above features in diagnosis of extracapsular extension in PTC, and the overall diagnostic performance of their combination were calculated. Results: Significant differences were found in BRAF mutation, range of capsule contact and the presence of discontinued capsule between US and CEUS (all P<0.05). In different ranges of contact, the threshold of ≥25% demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy in both US and CEUS. CEUS had higher accuracy than US in diagnosis of extracapsular extension in PTC based on single ultrasonic feature as well as the combination of ultrasonic features and BRAF mutation. The accuracy of CEUS combined with BRAF was 88.37% (114/129). Conclusion: The characteristics of extracapsular extension in PTC include BRAF mutation, ≥25% range of contact between PTC and thyroid capsule and the presence of discontinued capsule in US and CEUS. CEUS has higher accuracy than US. Combination of BRAF mutation and CEUS has important clinical significance in preoperative diagnosis of PTC extracapsular extension.
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Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with cervical lymph node metastases depict poor prognosis. Ultrasound (US)-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (US-FNAC) showed certain limitations in diagnosis of PTC with cervical lymph node metastases, while no effective molecular marker for diagnosis of this disease has been found. US-FNAC combined with molecular markers are helpful to detecting cervical lymph nodes metastases of PTC. The relative research progresses were reviewed in this article.
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Objective:To explore the value of 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT in diagnosis of color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) uncertain cervical lymph node metastasis after surgical resection of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods: A total of 31 patients with CDUS uncertain cervical lymph node metastasis after surgical resection of PTC were collected. 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT of the neck was performed one month within operation, then 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT, 131I SPECT/CT of the neck were performed within 15 days. The diagnostic efficiency of 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT was observed. Results: Among 31 PTC patients, cervical lymph node metastases were detected in 6 (6/31, 19.35%) patients. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT was 66.67% (4/6), 96.00% (24/25), 90.32% (28/31), 80.00% (4/5) and 92.31% (24/26), respectively. Totally 14 cervical metastatic lesions were found, the sensitivity and PPV of 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT in diagnosis of cervical metastatic lesions was 71.43% (10/14) and 83.33% (10/12), of 131I SPECT/CT was 28.57% (4/14) and 100% (4/4), respectively. 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT showed higher sensitivity than 131I SPECT/CT (χ2=5.14, P0.05). Conclusion: 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT could be used to correctly localize most cervical lymph node metastasis of PTC, providing further information for judging 131I SPECT/CT and CDUS uncertain cervical lymph node metastases in postoperative PTC patients.
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Objective: To investigate the value of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy combined with thyroglobulin in fine-needle aspirate fluid (FNA-Tg) measurement in diagnosis of preoperative lateral neck lymph node (LN) metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods: Totally 111 preoperative PTC patients diagnosed with FNA with suspected metastatic LNs were collected and then underwent neck ultrasonography together with FNA cytclogy. FNA-Tg was measured, then the eluents were obtained by flushing aspiration needle with 1 ml normal saline. FNA-Tg of elution was measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Taken postoperative pathologic results as the gold standards, ROC curve was drawn, the optimal threshold value for diagnosis of FNA-Tg, the diagnostic efficiency of FNA, FNA-Tg, combined FNA and FNA-Tg for suspected metastatic LNs were evaluated. Results: Among 118 suspicious LNs, 81 (81/118, 68.64%) LNs of metastasis and 37 (37/118, 31.36%) LNs without metastasis were confirmed by postoperative pathology. The average value of FNA-Tg in metastasis LNs was significantly higher than that of LNs without metastasis (P<0.001). The optimal diagnostic value of FNA-Tg in diagnosis of LNs metastasis was 2.65 μg/L, and the AUC was 0.937 (95%CI [0.894, 0.980], P<0.001). The differences of accuracy, sensitivity and negative predictive value were all statistically significant between FNA-Tg and FNA (all P<0.05). The accuracy, sensitivity and negative predictive value of FNA combined with FNA-Tg were higher than that of only FNA (all P<0.05). Twenty-two FNA false-negative nodes were correctly diagnosed with FNA-Tg testing. Conclusion: FNA cytology and FNA-Tg detection are useful ancillary tests that can improve the detection of lateral neck LN metastasis of PTC. Combination of FNA and FNA-Tg can significantly increase the accuracy and sensitivity of preoperative diagnosis of lateral neck LN metastasis of PTC, and may have an important role in surgical planning of PTC patients.
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Abnormal production of thyroid hormone is one of the common endocrine disorders, and thyroid hormone production declines with age. The aging process also negatively affects the immune system. An interaction between endocrine system and the immune system has been proposed to be bidirectional. Emerging evidence suggests an interaction between a lymphocyte population, called natural killer (NK) cells and thyroid gland function. Here, we review the relationship between NK cells and thyroid function and disease.
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Aging , Endocrine System , Immune System , Immunotherapy , Killer Cells, Natural , Lymphocytes , Thyroid Diseases , Thyroid Gland , ThyroiditisABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression is recommended for patients who undergo thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). However, the impact of TSH suppression on clinical outcomes in low-risk DTC remains uncertain. Therefore, we investigated the effects of postoperative TSH levels on recurrence in patients with low-risk DTC after thyroid lobectomy. METHODS: Patients (n=1,528) who underwent thyroid lobectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma between 2000 and 2012 were included in this study. According to the mean and dominant TSH values during the entire follow-up period or 5 years, patients were divided into four groups (<0.5, 0.5 to 1.9, 2.0 to 4.4, and ≥4.5 mIU/L). Recurrence-free survival was compared among the groups. RESULTS: During the 5.6 years of follow-up, 21 patients (1.4%) experienced recurrence. Mean TSH levels were within the recommended low-normal range (0.5 to 1.9 mIU/L) during the total follow-up period or 5 years in 38.1% or 36.0% of patients. The mean and dominant TSH values did not affect recurrence-free survival. Adjustment for other risk factors did not alter the results. CONCLUSION: Serum TSH levels did not affect short-term recurrence in patients with low-risk DTC after thyroid lobectomy. TSH suppression should be conducted more selectively.
Subject(s)
Humans , Follow-Up Studies , Recurrence , Risk Factors , Thyroid Gland , Thyroid Neoplasms , Thyroidectomy , ThyrotropinABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has generally an indolent character with a good prognosis. However, recurrence remains a major concern for the patients during their lifetime. Despite the slowly progressing character of PTC, recurrence can occur within a short period after initial surgery.This study aimed to determine the clinical findings and cause of recurrence in patients who underwent re-operative surgery due to neck node recurrence by reviewing the CT (computed tomographic) scan imaging of the recurrence of PTC retrospectively.MATERIALS #SPCHAR_X0026; METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of patients referred to Ajou University Hospital from January 2002 to January 2018. All patients had re-operative surgery due to neck node recurrence and CT scan results of preoperative evaluation and postoperative follow up. Over this period, 110 patients who underwent re-operation due to neck node recurrence with a CT scan were included in our cohort, resulting in a total of 220 re-operations.RESULTS: The time from initial operation to first re-operation was examined in 110 patients. The median time to re-operation was 28 months, with a range of 4 months to 186 months. Most re-operations (82.7%) occurred within the first five years, 43.6% were in the first two years from the initial surgery. The result of the retrospective CT review showed newly developed cases (21,19.1%), missed diagnosis cases (42,38.2%), real recur cases after surgery (33,30.0%), and remnant lymph nodes (LNs) cases (14,12.7%). We further sub-analyzed 14 cases with remnant LNs. Reasons for remnant LNs included insufficient operation (N=5) and beyond general surgical extent. (N=9).CONCLUSION: Re-operation due to cervical lymph node recurrence is mostly a persistent disease. They included a missed diagnosis and incomplete operation. These finding may reduce the reoperation of cervical lymph node recurrence by accurate preoperative evaluation and complete surgical resection at the initial surgery.